Salinity, waterlogging, eutrophication

1. Salinity

Salinity refers to the increased concentration of soluble salt in the soil. It result due to intensive agricultural practices.

Salinity is caused by

1. water used for irrigation is containing more salt

2. The lands irrigates have salt deposits

2. Waterlogging

The stagnation of water on the soil in the upper layer is called waterlogging. In this situation as the plant root get submerged in water, they do not get enough air for respiration. Then it leads to low crop yield as well as low mechanical strength.

3. Eutrophication

Eutrophication means extra nutrition.
The fertilizers are used more quantity in modern agricultural practices. There is nitrogen and phosphorous in the fertilizers. This nitrogen and phosphorous will reach into the water bodies through the surface flow of water. These minerals in excess quantity lead to over growth of phytoplanktons in the water bodies.
This over growth is called  eutrophication. The after effects of eutrophication are :

1. It will lead to reduce the dissolved  oxygen in the water, which will cause death of fishes and other aquatic life
2. Undesirable taste, colour and odour,  reduces the acceptability of water for domestic use