Flood
Flood occurs due to the water from heavy rainfall or snow melting, exceeds the carrying capacity of the receiving river system. Floods are also caused due to the flood plains have been used for cultivation and illegal construction. The effects of flood are:
Loss of life and properties and affect the economy of the country
Destruction of roads , canals, irrigation systems, farm lands etc.
Drought
Drought is defined as the prolonged period of several years of deficient rainfall relative to average rainfall for that region. The effects of drought are:
Desertification
Famine
Food insecurity
Malnutrition
Crop failure
Epidemics
Water scarcity
Displacement of population from one place to the other
Desertification
The desertification is the major consequence of drought. Desertification is the process in which an area become barren land less capable of retaining vegetation and progress towards becoming a desert. The causes of desertification are:
Drought
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Soil erosion
Change in weather conditions like temperature, rainfall etc
Rapid runoff causes soil erosion as well as sediment deposition problems on down stream
Fish and other wild life habitats are being destroyed
Extinction of civilization in some coastal areas is mainly due to such natural calamities
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